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July 8, 2026·1 min read

Rubik's Cube Notation Explained (R, U, F and Primes)

Every Rubik's Cube tutorial uses the same shorthand for moves. Once you know it, you can read any algorithm. Here's everything in five minutes.

The six face turns

Each letter means "turn that face a quarter-turn clockwise, looking straight at it":

  • R — Right face
  • L — Left face
  • U — Up (top) face
  • D — Down (bottom) face
  • F — Front face
  • B — Back face

Prime (') means counter-clockwise

A little mark after the letter reverses the direction:

  • R turns the right face clockwise.
  • R' ("R prime") turns it counter-clockwise.

So R followed by R' cancels out — the cube ends up unchanged.

The number 2 means a half turn

  • R2 turns the right face 180° (a double turn). Direction doesn't matter for a half turn.

Wide and slice moves (for later)

Once you move past the beginner method you'll see two more kinds:

  • Wide turnsRw (or lowercase r) turns the right face and the middle layer next to it.
  • Slice turnsM, E, and S turn just a middle layer. M follows the Left face's direction, E follows Down, S follows Front.

Reading an algorithm

Put it together and an algorithm like the T-perm reads move by move:

R U R' U' R' F R2 U' R' U' R U R' F'

Just do each move in order. That's all notation is.

See notation in motion

The fastest way to get notation is to watch it. In Cuby, open the Enter moves tab, type any sequence, and the 3D cube performs it as you go — including wide and slice moves.

Try the cube notation sandbox in Cuby →

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